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Tunisia
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Last Updated: Jan 21st, 2009 - 22:25:00 |
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Economy - overview:
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Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Real growth, averaging 5% for the latter half of the last decade, slowed to a 15-year low of 1.9% in 2002 because of agricultural drought, slow investment, and lackluster tourism. Better rains in 2003, however, pushed GDP growth up to an estimated 6 percent, and tourism also recovered after the end of combat operations in Iraq. GDP growth remained at 6% in 2004. Tunisia has agreed to gradually remove barriers to trade with the European Union over the next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, improvements in government efficiency, and reduction of the trade deficit are among the challenges for the future.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $68.23 billion (2004 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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5.1% (2004 est.)
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $6,900 (2004 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 13.9%
industry: 32.2%
services: 53.9% (2004 est.)
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Investment (gross fixed):
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24.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
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Population below poverty line:
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7.6% (2001 est.)
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 31.8% (1995)
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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41.7 (1995)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.7% (2004 est.)
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Labor force:
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3.461 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2004 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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14.3% (2004 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $6.101 billion
expenditures: $6.855 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.6 billion (2004 est.)
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Public debt:
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59.5% of GDP (2004 est.)
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Agriculture - products:
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olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
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Industries:
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petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
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Industrial production growth rate:
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-0.1% (2004 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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10.48 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - consumption:
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9.748 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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1 million kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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72,580 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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87,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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417 million bbl (2004)
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Natural gas - production:
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2.25 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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3.83 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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1.58 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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77.16 billion cu m (2004)
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Current account balance:
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$-738.6 million (2004 est.)
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Exports:
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$8.035 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons
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Exports - partners:
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France 32.6%, Italy 21.9%, Germany 10.7%, Spain 4.7%, Libya 4.4% (2003)
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Imports:
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$10.3 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
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Imports - partners:
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France 26.1%, Italy 19.8%, Germany 8.9%, Spain 5.2% (2003)
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Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
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$2.949 billion (2004 est.)
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Debt - external:
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$14.39 billion (2004 est.)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$378 million (2001)
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Currency:
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Tunisian dinar (TND)
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Currency code:
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TND
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Exchange rates:
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Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.2885 (2003), 1.4217 (2002), 1.4387 (2001), 1.3707 (2000), 1.1862 (1999)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Keywords: Tunisia Economy, Tunisia, Economy, country of Tunisia, general information, country reports, classbrain, country economy, economy of Tunisia, ClassBrain,
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